Package 'universals'

Title: S3 Generics for Bayesian Analyses
Description: Provides S3 generic methods and some default implementations for Bayesian analyses that generate Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples. The purpose of 'universals' is to reduce package dependencies and conflicts. The 'nlist' package implements many of the methods for its 'nlist' class.
Authors: Joe Thorley [aut, cre] , Kirill Müller [ctb] , Poisson Consulting [cph, fnd]
Maintainer: Joe Thorley <[email protected]>
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Version: 0.0.5.9000
Built: 2024-06-19 03:31:26 UTC
Source: https://github.com/poissonconsulting/universals

Help Index


Bind by Chains.

Description

Binds two MCMC objects (with the same parameters and iterations) by chains.

Usage

bind_chains(x, x2, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

x2

A second object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

The combined object.

See Also

Other MCMC manipulations: bind_iterations(), collapse_chains(), estimates(), split_chains()


Bind Iterations

Description

Combines two MCMC objects (with the same parameters and chains) by iterations.

Usage

bind_iterations(x, x2, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

x2

A second object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

The combined object.

See Also

Other MCMC manipulations: bind_chains(), collapse_chains(), estimates(), split_chains()


Collapse Chains

Description

Collapses an MCMC object's chains into a single chain.

Usage

collapse_chains(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
collapse_chains(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

The modified object with one chain.

See Also

Other MCMC manipulations: bind_chains(), bind_iterations(), estimates(), split_chains()


Converged

Description

Tests whether an object has converged.

Usage

converged(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A logical scalar indicating whether the object has converged.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Converged Parameters

Description

Tests whether each parameter of an object has converged.

Usage

converged_pars(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A uniquely named logical vector indicating whether each parameter has converged.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Converged Terms

Description

Tests whether each term of an object has converged.

Usage

converged_terms(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A list of uniquely named logical objects with whether each term has converged.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Dimensions

Description

Gets the dimensions of an object.

Usage

dims(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
dims(x, ...)

## S3 method for class 'factor'
dims(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

Unlike base::dim(), dims returns the length of an atomic vector.

Value

An integer vector of the dimensions.

See Also

base::dim()

Other dimensions: ndims(), npdims(), pdims()

Examples

dims(numeric(0))
dims(1:3)
dims(factor("a"))
dims(matrix(1:4, nrow = 2L))
dims(array(1:9, dim = c(3L,1L,3L)))
dims(ToothGrowth)
dims(Titanic)

Effective Sampling Rate

Description

Calculates the effective sampling rate (esr).

Usage

esr(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default

11+2k=1ρk(θ)\frac{1}{1 + 2 \sum_{k = 1}^\infty\rho_k(\theta)}

from Brooks et al. (2011) where the infinite sum is truncated at lag kk when ρk+1(θ)<0\rho_{k+1}(\theta) < 0.

Value

A number between 0 and 1 indicating the esr value.

References

Brooks, S., Gelman, A., Jones, G.L., and Meng, X.-L. (Editors). 2011. Handbook for Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Effective Sampling Rate for Parameters

Description

Calculates the effective sampling rate (esr) for each parameter.

Usage

esr_pars(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default

11+2k=1ρk(θ)\frac{1}{1 + 2 \sum_{k = 1}^\infty\rho_k(\theta)}

from Brooks et al. (2011) where the infinite sum is truncated at lag kk when ρk+1(θ)<0\rho_{k+1}(\theta) < 0.

Value

A uniquely named numeric vector of values between 0 and 1 indicating the esr value for each parameter.

References

Brooks, S., Gelman, A., Jones, G.L., and Meng, X.-L. (Editors). 2011. Handbook for Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Effective Sampling Rate for Terms

Description

Calculates the effective sampling rate (esr) for each term.

Usage

esr_terms(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default

11+2k=1ρk(θ)\frac{1}{1 + 2 \sum_{k = 1}^\infty\rho_k(\theta)}

from Brooks et al. (2011) where the infinite sum is truncated at lag kk when ρk+1(θ)<0\rho_{k+1}(\theta) < 0.

Value

A list of uniquely named numeric objects with values between 0 and 1 indicating the effectively sampling rate for each term.

References

Brooks, S., Gelman, A., Jones, G.L., and Meng, X.-L. (Editors). 2011. Handbook for Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


Estimates

Description

Calculates the estimates for an MCMC object.

Usage

estimates(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A list of uniquely named numeric objects.

See Also

Other MCMC manipulations: bind_chains(), bind_iterations(), collapse_chains(), split_chains()


Number of Chains

Description

Gets the number of chains of an MCMC object.

Usage

nchains(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

An integer scalar of the number of chains.

See Also

Other MCMC dimensions: niters(), npars(), nsams(), nsims(), nterms()


Number of Dimensions

Description

Gets the number of dimensions of an object as returned by dims().

The default methods returns the length of dims().

Usage

ndims(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
ndims(x, ...)

## S3 method for class 'matrix'
ndims(x, ...)

## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
ndims(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

For matrices ndims() is always 2L.

For data frames ndims() is always 2L.

Value

A integer scalar of the number of dimensions.

See Also

Other dimensions: dims(), npdims(), pdims()

Examples

ndims(character(0))
ndims(1:3)
ndims(matrix(1))
ndims(data.frame())
ndims(array(1:9, dim = c(3,1,3)))

Number of Iterations

Description

Gets the number of iterations (in a chain) of an MCMC object.

Usage

niters(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

An integer scalar of the number of iterations.

See Also

Other MCMC dimensions: nchains(), npars(), nsams(), nsims(), nterms()


Number of Parameters

Description

Gets the number of parameters of an object.

The default methods returns the length of pars() if none are NA, otherwise it returns NA.

Usage

npars(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
npars(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

An integer scalar of the number of parameters.

See Also

pars()

Other MCMC dimensions: nchains(), niters(), nsams(), nsims(), nterms()

Other parameters: pars(), set_pars()


Number of Parameter Dimensions

Description

Gets the number of the dimensions of each parameter of an object.

The default methods returns the length of each element of pdims() as an integer vector.

Usage

npdims(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
npdims(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A named integer vector of the number of dimensions of each parameter.

See Also

Other dimensions: dims(), ndims(), pdims()


Number of Samples

Description

Gets the number of sample values (simulations * terms) of an MCMC object.

The default methods returns the product of nsims() and nterms().

Usage

nsams(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
nsams(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

An integer scalar of the number of samples.

See Also

Other MCMC dimensions: nchains(), niters(), npars(), nsims(), nterms()


Number of Simulations

Description

Gets the number of simulations (iterations * chains) of an MCMC object.

The default methods returns the product of nchains() and niters().

Usage

nsims(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
nsims(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

An integer scalar of the number of simulations.

See Also

Other MCMC dimensions: nchains(), niters(), npars(), nsams(), nterms()


Number of Terms

Description

Gets the number of terms of an MCMC object.

Usage

nterms(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A integer scalar of the number of terms.

See Also

Other MCMC dimensions: nchains(), niters(), npars(), nsams(), nsims()


Parameter Names

Description

Gets the parameter names.

Usage

pars(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A character vector of the names of the parameters.

See Also

Other parameters: npars(), set_pars()


Parameter Dimensions

Description

Gets the dimensions of each parameter of an object.

Usage

pdims(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

A named list of integer vectors of the dimensions of each parameter.

See Also

Other dimensions: dims(), ndims(), npdims()


R-hat

Description

Calculates an R-hat (potential scale reduction factor) value.

Usage

rhat(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default the uncorrected, unfolded, univariate, split R-hat value.

Value

A number >= 1 indicating the rhat value.

References

Gelman, A., and Rubin, D.B. 1992. Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences. Statistical Science 7(4): 457–472.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat_terms()


R-hat Parameters

Description

Calculates an R-hat (potential scale reduction factor) value for each parameter.

Usage

rhat_pars(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default the uncorrected, unfolded, univariate, split R-hat value.

Value

An uniquely named numeric atomic with values >= 1 indicating the rhat value for each parameter.

References

Gelman, A., and Rubin, D.B. 1992. Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences. Statistical Science 7(4): 457–472.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_terms(), rhat()


R-hat Terms

Description

Calculates an R-hat (potential scale reduction factor) value for each term.

Usage

rhat_terms(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

By default the uncorrected, unfolded, univariate, split R-hat value.

Value

A list of uniquely named numeric objects with values >= 1 indicating the rhat value for each term.

References

Gelman, A., and Rubin, D.B. 1992. Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences. Statistical Science 7(4): 457–472.

See Also

Other convergence: converged_pars(), converged_terms(), converged(), esr_pars(), esr_terms(), esr(), rhat_pars(), rhat()


Set Parameters

Description

Sets an object's parameter names.

The assignment version ⁠pars<-()⁠ forwards to set_pars().

Usage

set_pars(x, value, ...)

pars(x) <- value

Arguments

x

An object.

value

A character vector of the new parameter names.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Details

value must be a unique character vector of the same length as the object's parameters.

Value

The modified object.

See Also

Other parameters: npars(), pars()


Split Chains

Description

Splits each of an MCMC object's chains in half to double the number of chains and halve the number of iterations.

Usage

split_chains(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object.

...

Other arguments passed to methods.

Value

The modified object.

See Also

Other MCMC manipulations: bind_chains(), bind_iterations(), collapse_chains(), estimates()